Hair Tourniquets

Case

A two month old infant is brought to your office by the parents because of inconsolable crying for 6 hours. The child is breast fed and has been doing well. There is no vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or increased gas. The mother has not changed her diet and the infant is on no medications. There has been no fever. On physical examination the child is active and screaming. There is no fever. The physical exam is completely normal except for the right third toe is swollen, tender, erythematous, and there is an circumferential indentation proximal to the redness. A thread is seen in the indentation. 

Hair tourniquet syndrome is a relatively common finding in infants. The infant usually presents with excessive crying or the caretaker notices the redness of the extremity. It is an emergency because failure to remove the tourniquet promptly can lead to a serious infection or amputation. 

Usually affects the toes, fingers, or external genitalia. The third toe and third finger are most commonly involved. Hair is more commonly associated with toes and external genitalia while threads are more often found around fingers. There is an association with older frequently washed clothes and the wearing of mittens. 

Diagnosis

  1. Physician awareness of the condition
  2. Complete examination in fully undressed patient
Treatment
  1. Removal with a fine scissors and forceps
  2. If unable to remove, some people have used depilatory agents to dissolve hair and material
  3. May need surgical procedure if the is a very deep hair or thread and general anesthesia
  4. After removal, usually no sequelae. ? use of antibiotics
Diagnoses to consider in infants with inconsolable crying
  1. Colic
  2. Infectious diseases- UTI, Otitis media, herpangina and herpes stomatitis
  3. Trauma 
  4. Eye problems including foreign bodies and corneal abrasions.
  5. Intussusception, constipation, GER
  6. CNS lesions
  7. Drug reaction including DPT immunization
  8. Night terrors
  9. SVT
  10. Idiopathic.
References
  1. Barton, David. Sloan,Gerald. Nichter,Larry . Reinisch, John. Hair-Thread Tourniquet Syndrome. Pediatrics Vol.82 No6 December 1988
  2. Strahlman R. S. Toe Tourniquet Syndrome. Pediatrics Vol 111 N0. 3 March 2003 Pg 685